Inderapura kingdom is a kingdom located in the South Coast district, West Sumatra province now, bordering the provinces of Bengkulu and Jambi. Officially the kingdom was once a subordinate (vazal) Pagaruyung kingdom. Although in practice this kingdom independent and free to set its domestic and foreign affairs.
This kingdom in its heyday covering an area ranging from the west coast of Sumatra Padang Hurai River in the north to the south. The most important products are Inderapura pepper, and also gold.
Revival
Inderapura known also as Ujung Pagaruyung. Pagaruyung during the rule of the 15th century, some coastal areas in other Minangkabau, such Inderagiri, Jambi, and Inderapura left to fend for himself.
However, the development of new Inderapura really begins when Malacca fell to the Portuguese in 1511. Trade flows through the Strait of Malacca which had largely turned to the west coast of Sumatra and the Sunda Strait. Development and expansion Inderapura mainly supported by the pepper.
When exactly Inderapura achieved the status of an independent state is not known with certainty. But it is expected, this coincides with the advent of the pepper trade in the region. In the mid-sixteenth century encouraged the planting effort pepper Inderapura reach Silebar southern boundary (now in Bengkulu province). At this time Inderapura a friendship with Banten and Aceh.
When Sultanate expanded to Pariaman region. Inderapura stop the expansion to make friends with Aceh through the bond of marriage between King goddess, daughter of Sultan Shah Munawar Inderapura, with the Word Sultan Shah, brother of the current king of Aceh, Sultan Ri'ayat Ali Shah (1568-1575). Through the marriage relationship and economic power Inderapura got great influence in Kotaraja (Banda Aceh), even the commander of Inderapura touted conspired in the murder of the son of Sultan Ali Shah Ri'ayat, thus paving the way for the King Dewi husband ascended the throne as Sultan Sri Nature in 1576. Although his rule lasted only three years before knocked off his throne because of disagreement with the scholars in Aceh.
However, the effect persisted Inderapura in the Sultanate of Aceh, from 1586 until 1588 one that is still associated with the goddess king, ruled with the title of Sultan Ali Shah II or Sultan Ri'ayat Buyong, before being killed by intrigue scholars of Aceh.
Economy
Based on reports of the Netherlands, in 1616 Inderapura described as a prosperous empire under the reign of Raja Itam, and around 30,000 people are involved in agricultural and plantation commodities that rely on rice and pepper. Later in the period surrounding the Great King in 1624, the VOC managed to make an appointment in the collection of agricultural produce is directly loaded into the boat without necessarily first docked in the harbor, and the harbor exempt from excise duty. So also in the time of King Puti, replacement of the great king, Inderapura still apply duty-free port in boosting the economy.
After the punitive expeditions in 1633 by the Sultanate of Aceh, until 1637 Inderapura still not able to increase their agricultural products to achieve results that have been obtained in previous periods. In the current decline in the influence of Aceh, Sultan Muzzaffar Shah began to consolidate power, which was followed by his son Sultan Muhammad Shah ascended the throne around 1660 and began to re-establish diplomatic relations with the Netherlands and the UK.
Reduction
Inderapura also attempted to evade paying taxes on the commander of Aceh. This enrages the ruler of Aceh which sends its fleet in 1633 to punish Inderapura. Puti kings who ruled Inderapura when it was executed along with several other nobles, and many people are imprisoned and taken to Kotaraja. Aceh put the commander in Inderapura and King Malfarsyah appointed king after king Puti.
Below replacement Iskandar Muda, Aceh's Sultan Iskandar Thani control weakened. In the reign of Queen Tajul Alam Aceh in Inderapura influence began to be replaced Dutch (VOC). Domination VOC begins when Sultan Muhammad Shah asked for help quell the uprising in Inderapura Netherlands in 1662. This rebellion was triggered by demands Raja Adil believed that they had the right to the throne Inderapura based on matrilineal system. Consequently Inderapura Sultan was forced to flee along with his father and relatives. Then Sultan Mansur Shah, sent to Batavia signed the treaty agreed in 1663 and gave VOC monopoly purchase pepper, and a gold mine work right. In October 1663 the government Inderapura recovered, and Sultan Raja Adil Inderapura recognizes as representative domiciled in Manjuto.
At the time of Sultan Muhammad Shah, Inderapura visited by sailors Bugis, led by Daeng Maruppa who later married the sister of Sultan Muhammad Shah, later gave birth to a title of Sultan Daeng Mabela SEIAN, is based on the British record, Daeng Mabela in 1688 became commander Bugis forces for the EIC.
Sultan Muhammad Shah was replaced by his son Sultan Mansur Shah (1691-1696), the seeds of discontent people reign over the application of high customs and trade monopoly domination VOC re-emerged. But in 1696 the Sultan Mansur Shah died and was replaced by King Coastal, who was only 6 years old and under the guardianship of her grandmother's reign. Peak Inderapura cause destruction of people's resistance in the VOC post Cingkuak Island, as a reaction to the invasion, June 6 June 1701 VOC retaliated by sending troops and successfully control Inderapura.
Inderapura finally completely collapsed in 1792 when the garrison VOCs in Air Haji stormed Inderapura because quarrels with his commander Inderapura Sultan, Sultan Inderapura then fled to Bengkulu and died there (1824).
Government
Inderapura etymologically derived from the Sanskrit, and can mean the King City. Inderapura was originally a shoreline area of the Minangkabau, a coastal region on the west coast of Sumatra island. As shoreline areas, Inderapura led by an appointed representative of Pagaruyung and title of King and then also title of Sultan. Inderapura king is identified as the son of King Nature or The lordship Pagaruyung.
Territory
At the end of the seventeenth century Inderapura central region, including river valleys and Batang Airhaji Inderapura, consisting of twenty-koto. Koto each ruled by a minister, who serves as the prince in other Minangkabau region. While the Creeks area, which includes the valley Manjuto and Airdikit (referred to as Foreign Fourteen Koto), and Muko-Muko (Lima Koto), system of government is not much different.
To the north, called the Banda Sapuluah (Bandar Ten) led by Rajo Ampek nan (4 person who holds the king; Airhaji King, King of Bungo Post, King Kambang, King Palangai). This area is a sort of confederation of 10 areas or villages (land), which also led respectively by the prince 10.
In the southern region, where the system of government which consists of the villages under the authority peroatin (head is responsible to resolve disputes at the mouth of the river). Peroatin was originally numbered 59 people (approximately one peroatin nan sixty). Peroatin ministers and is subject to the rule of the king or sultan.
At the end of the seventeenth century the peroatin still serves as head of the region. But the minister duties shifted along with the release of Inderapura into separate kingdoms of Pagaruyung. Twenty ministers Koto in Inderapura act as royal adviser. Fourteen ministers in charge of the household Koto palace, while Lima Koto Minister responsible for defense.
Although the region in 1691 under King Creeks Fair, escape from Inderapura and became its own kingdom, which was initially supported by the British. But not long ago he died and was succeeded by his son the title of Sultan Gulemat (1691-1716). Sultan Gulemat not successfully make the region stable and then also lost the support of the ministers that exist in the region
Revival Sultanate Inderapura
After a century Sultanate Inderapura like live name, no sultan or a king was crowned to occupy the throne. Triumphed in the natural kingdom once ruled the Minangkabau region along the western coast of Sumatra in the past. Today, December 1, 2012, exactly 101 years prostration the imperial palace as the invaders burned Inderapura that time. In the year 101 the oldest sultanate in the archipelago by the Queen Mother Natural Power Kusumadiningrat Dato 'Seri Saripah Murliani, geliatnya must be raised again. Must grasp the reins of the Sultanate by the heirs of the Sultanate genealogy listed in ranji Inderapura. Pemashuran emperor was held with proper pomp of a royal bermarwah, Sunday (1/12), held at the Hotel Grand Ina Muara Padang. No less than 20 kings and sultans as attending the coronation Youdi Prayogo archipelago, SE, ME Indera Rahimsyah title of Sultan Daulat Sultan Sultan Muhammad Shah as the 35th after the 34th heir holder into senility, aged approximately 99 years. Power Mother Nature Kusumadiningrat Queen said it was time the kingdom - the kingdom in the archipelago rose to restore dignity and order custom is not lost. "Custom is the important thing that should be maintained, if the customs eroded karamlah a nation," he told reporters after the coronation of Sultan Inderapura. Elegant woman wearing a diamond-studded crown was explained, the royal and imperial archipelago which from the first has been fighting for this nation from the clutches of the invaders, this needs to be known by the present generation of people in traditional values and culture that brought the empire and the empire remained a strong influence for their personality. "Why not, with the customs and culture of the country then the child will be a true private Indonesian children. Due, custom make them have a noble character, urbane chic, good manners, respect for parents and honest," said the Queen Mother in Malaysian Malay accent . Further Jambi Malay kingdom princess origin and residing in the Kingdom of Malaysia's Negeri Sembilan mention, messy faced in Indonesia and in other countries not because of the erosion of tradition and culture. Corruption is rampant because people are not honest and trustworthy. "Shouting eradicate corruption is worth - nothing," he said. Queen Mother also revealed disappointment against local government officials who do not come within the pemashuran procession. No exception Governors and Regents. "I'm sad, beratkah to come to this celebration that no one official who attended our laws? What a wonderful sit down together to fix the country. We do not want to match let alone intended to overthrow the government. By raising the Sultanate then we can together build the country both physically and moral, "he said. Furthermore he said, his arrival also brings a number of businessmen from the neighboring country Malaysia is keen to invest. But in the absence of good faith as officials of the Queen Mother did not get a response. "I intend to meet Governor of West Sumatra and South Coastal Regents to discuss the possibility of Malaysian businessmen to invest in this country," he said. While the Sultan Inderapura newly revealed dimashurkan, Sultanate revived Inderapura is a mandate that is currently placed on his shoulders. He promised to 'arouse stem terandam' after a long period in which Indigenous slumped jointed Syara 'Syara' jointed Qur'aan was becoming obsolete. "In addition, the palace has collapsed Inderapura also be re-built," said lecturer at IAIN Jambi Sultan Taha Syaifuddin this. He also revealed there will always coordinate with local authorities. In addition to keeping the site - there are also sites in order to develop the community to appreciate and understand the history.
King Inderapura list
| Years | Name or title | Notes and key events | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1550 | Sultan Munawar Syah Raja Mamulia | |||||
| 1580 | Raja Dewi | Nama lainnya adalah Putri Rekna Candra Dewi | 1616 | Raja Itam | ||
| 1624 | Raja Besar | |||||
| 1625 | Raja Puti | Nama lainnya Putri Rekna Alun | 1633 | Sultan Muzzaffar Syah Raja Malfarsyah | ||
| 1660 | Sultan Muhammad Syah | Raja Adil menuntut hak yang sama. | ||||
| 1691 | Sultan Mansur Syah | Sultan Gulemat putra Raja Adil berkedudukan di Manjuto melepaskan diri dari Inderapura. | ||||
| 1696 | Raja Pesisir | |||||
| 1760 | Raja Pesisir II | |||||
| 1790 | Raja Pesisir III |
Inderapura in fiction
Commander Raja, Nur Sutan Iskandar novel that was first published by Balai Pustaka in 1934, among others recount the popular uprising against the Sultan Muhammadsyah Inderapura happened in 1662. According to this story, the rebellion triggered by the act of killing the wife of the Sultan Muhammadsyah brother Raja Adil.
0 comments:
Post a Comment